The Impact of Dialysis Sessions on Blood Levels of D-dimer among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Infected with COVID-19

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is a real challenge to our communities worldwide, exerting a high socioeconomic impact. The disease is associated with a great deal of co-agulation cascade disorder, with a considerable increase in D-dimer concentration in blood. Objec-tives: To assess the impact of dialysis session frequency on blood levels of D-dimer among CKD patients infected with COVID-19. Patients and Methods: The study included 40 CKD patients (22 males and 18 females) infected with COVID-19, who attended the Artificial Kidney Unit at Al Hussein Teaching Hospital, Thi-Qar, Iraq for regular dialysis. They were divided into two groups;Group I: 20 CKD patients who had COVID-19. They underwent one hemodialysis session per week. The second group, which included 20 CKD patients infected with COVID-19 underwent three dialysis sessions per week. Plasma levels of D-dimer were measured one day before the start of the study and one day after three weeks in both groups. Result(s): The results of the present study re-vealed that CKD patients infected with COVID-19 who underwent three dialysis session per week (Group II) had a significant drop in blood D-dimer level at the end of three weeks in comparison to the initial values. Furthermore, the decrease in blood D-dimer level was significantly higher among CKD patients with COVID-19 who underwent three dialysis sessions per week (Group II) in comparison to COVID-19 infected CKD patients who underwent single dialysis sessions per week (Group I). Conclusion(s): CKD patients with COVID-19 have an elevated blood level of D-dimer. Increasing the frequency of hemodialysis plays an essential role in lowering the serum D-dimer level among these patients.Copyright © 2023, Colegio de Farmaceuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. All rights reserved.

Cardiovascular Manifestations of COVID-19 with Special Reference to their Treatment

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represented as a global pandemic which mainly happened due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), viral affected huge numbers of individuals all around the world. Besides the viral morbidity and mortality, the economy and health care system have also been significantly strained due to high viral transmission. COVID-19 virus is known as a virus of pneumonia which causes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and may be alife threatening. There was evidence supposed that the virus affected the cardiovascular system significantly via its direct damage to the myocardium, acute systemic inflammatory restraint, hypoxia, a right strain of the heart due to acute respiratory distress syndrome and injury of the lung, also rupture of the plaque due to inflammation. Essential cardiac manifestations showed acute myocarditis, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, and showed thrombosis. Many accepted documents have been done that support the management of cardiovascular disease due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this review study is to explain the cardiovascular system damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 with precise comprehensions for the underlying mechanisms to create a liable management approach for these patients.